集裝箱建筑適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)與建造研究(2)

2013年6月15日

摘要

隨著集裝箱貿(mào)易量的增加，集裝箱的產(chǎn)量和淘汰數(shù)目也逐漸增加，因此直到近幾十年，集裝箱建筑這種建筑類型才逐漸出現(xiàn)在人們的視野之中。充分利用廢舊集裝箱箱體的空間價(jià)值，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為各類建筑使用，是一項(xiàng)既環(huán)保節(jié)能又能適應(yīng)性地符合各種建筑功能的雙贏建造方式。時至今日，集裝箱建筑依然是一項(xiàng)嶄新的建筑形式，充滿活力而有朝氣、需要不斷探索。集裝箱建筑的設(shè)計(jì)和建造可能性還遠(yuǎn)未窮盡。

本文系統(tǒng)地分析了國內(nèi)外集裝箱建筑在設(shè)計(jì)和建造實(shí)踐過程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外集裝箱建筑發(fā)展中的理論研究成果，提出了如何通過集裝箱的適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)和建造來適應(yīng)不同建筑功能和空間需求的方法，彌補(bǔ)了國內(nèi)集裝箱建筑在具體的設(shè)計(jì)方法研究上的缺失。同時本文還就集裝箱建筑的設(shè)計(jì)建造流程、箱體改造措施等進(jìn)行了分析，并通過實(shí)際項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了案例研究。

本論文共分為七個部分。第一章，介紹選題背景及意義、有關(guān)概念及范疇界定、研究重點(diǎn)與方法。第二章介紹集裝箱建筑發(fā)展歷程、國內(nèi)外集裝箱建筑發(fā)展及理論研究現(xiàn)狀，提出了在實(shí)踐過程和理論研究過程中存在的問題，并點(diǎn)明了文章的價(jià)值和意義。第三章到第六章針對問題進(jìn)行了分析與研究。第三章對集裝箱建筑功能適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行研究，并論述了集裝箱建筑的特征與特性。第四章對集裝箱建筑室內(nèi)空間適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行研究，包含有對單箱體集裝箱空間與人體尺度的研究、室內(nèi)功能模塊化布局的研究、單元箱體建筑適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)案例及分析。第五章對集裝箱建筑的箱體適應(yīng)性組合設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)合集裝箱建筑實(shí)例把箱體組合分為非重復(fù)性單元的箱體組合和重復(fù)性箱體的組合兩種設(shè)計(jì)方式并分別進(jìn)行論述。第六章介紹集裝箱建筑建造的基本流程及改造措施，歸納了集裝箱建筑建造流程，并給出了箱體在建造過程中的改造措施。第七章結(jié)合實(shí)際案例以萬科生態(tài)集裝箱餐廳為例進(jìn)行了案例分析。本文以期對集裝箱建筑的適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)和建造進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，促進(jìn)國內(nèi)集裝箱建筑產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：集裝箱建筑；適應(yīng)性設(shè)計(jì)；模塊化空間設(shè)計(jì)；箱體組合；建造措施

Abstract

With the increasing of international shipping container trade, the production and elimination of shipping container is also increasing. So this type of building did not catch people’s eyes until recent decades. Making full use of the space of waste containers and transforming them into all kinds of buildings are not only an environment-friendly way to build but also an energy saving program. Moreover, it can meet a variety of architectural function needs in a win-win way. Until today, container building is still a new architecture form, vibrant and energetic, need to be explored. It can be said that the possibilities of design and construction is far away from been exhausted.

To some extent this paper is the first systematic analysis of the experience in container architecture design and construction process in foreign countries. And this paper also systematizes the theoretical study results of container architecture in foreign countries, translates them into the useful theoretical basis for the development of China's container architecture. This paper compensates the blank of the study of design method in domestic container architecture, and also analyzes the existing status in container building industry and the architectural design. At last, the paper takes an actual case of a permanent container building as a case study.

This paper is divided into seven sections. The first chapter introduces the background and significance of the topics, concepts and scope of the definition in the paper, priorities and methods etc. Chapter II describes the development process of container architecture, container building development and theoretical studies of the present in domestic and other countries, the situation of research in practice and theory of the process of existing problems, and it also points to understand the value and significance of the article. From Chapter III to Chapter VI for the issues of analysis and research. Chapter III of the container building functional adaptation research, and discusses the characteristics and properties of container construction. Chapter IV of the container building interior space adaptive design study contains a single box container space and human scale of the study, functional modular interior layout of the unit cabinet building adaptive design and analysis of the case. Chapter V of the container construction of the box adaptive combination of design, in combination with an instance of the box container construction combined into the box combined non-repetitive units and repetitive combination of two cabinet design approach are discussed. Chapter 6 describes the basic process of container construction and building renovation measures, summarized the container building construction process, and gives the box in the construction process of the reform measures. Chapter VII with the actual case of Vanke restaurant as an example of eco-container case study. With a view to the adaptability of container building design and construction guidance and promote the development of the domestic container construction industry.

Key words: Container building; Adaptive design; Modular space design; Container combination; Construction measures

插圖索引

圖 1.1 20 英尺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱結(jié)構(gòu)圖

圖 2.1 荷蘭霍恩集裝箱拱橋

圖 2.2 英國 Travelodge 集團(tuán) uxbridge 酒店施工及完成照片

圖 2.3 馬士基集裝箱博愛學(xué)校

圖 2.4 2003-2009 年集裝箱房制造企業(yè)數(shù)量

圖 2.5 集裝箱房屋制造行業(yè)企業(yè)分布

圖 2.6 2005-2008 年中集集團(tuán)集裝箱房統(tǒng)計(jì)

圖 3.1 集裝箱建筑模塊化裝配式建造

圖 3.2 傳統(tǒng)建筑施工過程碳排放分項(xiàng)比例

圖 3.3 集裝箱建筑、混凝土建筑、木材建筑生命周期不同階段二氧化碳